Well, here it is. The silver bullet to increasing student achievement at the high school level: more sleep for students.
In a study at a Rhode Island High School, researchers found that delaying the start of high school by 30 minutes for students showed significant improvements in measures of adolescent alertness, mood, and health. The study in the Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine supports other research that has reached similar conclusions: push back the start of high schools.
My high school starts at 7:15 a.m. I can tell you that over the years my first block has had fewer discipline issues but has traditionally performed at a lower level than my blocks starting later in the day. The Rhode Island study supports my anecdotal observation (at least in the area of student alertness). So why is this empirical research being ignored?
I’ve found that the reasons for not pushing back starting times come from two areas: busing and sports. Most districts use the same buses to transport elementary, middle school, and high school students. If you stagger the starts of K-5, 6-8, and the high schools, you don’t need as many buses. You could flip the start times and have elementary schools start first and high schools start last, but nobody wants a seven-year old waiting for a bus in the dark of winter mornings.
By far the most difficult barrier to later high school start times is extra-curricular activities and, in particular, sports. There is, in suburban schools especially, a heavy amount of pressure to have strong sports programs in high schools. Fall sport coaches (football) complain that they lose daytime light if they have to start practices after 4 pm. To be fair, these coaches are only responding to the extreme amount of pressure by the school community to produce winning sports programs.
The Rhode Island school did not lose practice times for their sports teams because they actually decreased the school bell schedule. I’d argue that this is not the best approach to the problem, but at least they looked for ways to find more sleep time for their students. The R.I. school encountered resistance to the changes from parents and teachers, but after they saw the difference for students, they changed their positions.
So, here it is. A way to increase students alertness (the R.I. school also saw an increase in students attendance which we know is an issue in urban schools), the mood of students (decrease in discipline issues), and health. Let’s get creative and find ways to implement late start times without increasing transportation costs. Let’s get over the presumptive importance of winning sports programs and start high schools later so students can get more sleep. Anyone want to wager that my pleas go ignored?
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